Ashkenazi Population Structure Reassessed: Reference-Panel Sensitivity and the Europe-Levant Cline

This record contains Version 1 of the preprint "Ashkenazi Population Structure Reassessed: Reference-Panel Sensitivity and the Europe-Levant Cline, " submitted to PCI Evolutionary Biology. The manuscript re-examines Ashkenazi Jewish population structure by evaluating the sensitivity of population genetic inferences to reference-panel composition. Drawing on evidence from Y-chromosome studies, autosomal analyses, qpAdm, FST, and Global25, it investigates how the inclusion or omission of key comparator populations can influence inferred genetic relationships and ancestry models. The manuscript is accompanied by a separate public GitHub repository, "AshkenaziPopulationStructureReassessedV1, " which contains the complete reproducibility materials for the Version 1 submission, including supplementary files, qpAdm and FST documentation, Global25 analyses, validation datasets, figures, scripts, provenance records, and integrity verification files. This Zenodo record preserves the exact Version 1 manuscript submitted for peer review and provides a permanent, citable archive of the preprint.