Patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases are at higher risk for long-term immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus infections, posing a potential risk for expanding outbreaks.
Highlights the potential risk of inapparent immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) infection for expanding circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks.
The oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), which prevents person-to-person transmission of poliovirus by inducing robust intestinal immunity, has been a crucial tool for global polio eradication. However, polio outbreaks, mainly caused by type 2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2), are increasing worldwide. Meanwhile, immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) is considered another risk factor during the final stage of global polio eradication. Patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases are associated with higher risks for long-term iVDPV infections. Although a limited number of chronic iVDPV excretors were reported, the recent identification of a chronic type 2 iVDPV (iVDPV2) excretor in the Philippines highlights the potential risk of inapparent iVDPV infection for expanding cVDPV outbreaks. Further research on the genetic characterizations and molecular evolution of iVDPV2, based on comprehensive iVDPV surveillance, will be critical for elucidating the remaining risk of iVDPV2 during the post-OPV era.
Kitamura et al. (2021) conducted a review in Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases. Type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV2) was evaluated. Patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases are at higher risk for long-term immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus infections, posing a potential risk for expanding outbreaks.
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