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While the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) can support efficient control of the physical world through large amounts of industrial data, data security has been a challenge due to various interconnections and accesses. Blockchain technology can support security and privacy preservation in IIoT data with its trusted and reliable security mechanism. Sharding technology can help improve the overall throughput and scalability of blockchain networks. However, the effectiveness of sharding is still challenging due to the uneven distribution of malicious nodes. By aiming to improve the performance of blockchain networks and reduce the possibility of malicious node aggregation, in this article, we propose a many-objective optimization algorithm based on the dynamic reward and penalty mechanism (MaOEA-DRP) to optimize the shard validation validity model. Then, an optimal blockchain sharding scheme is obtained. Compared with other state-of-the-art many-objective optimization algorithms, MaOEA-DRP performs better on the DTLZ test suite. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can significantly improve the throughput and validity of sharding for better security in the blockchain-enabled IIoT.
Cai et al. (2021) studied this question.