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A highly soluble polycarbazole (PCz) has been synthesized, and used as a donor material with perylene tetracarboxydiimide (PDI) as an acceptor and light harvesting material in bulk-heterojunction solar cells. This donor/acceptor (D/A) pair shows a broad absorption fit within the solar spectrum, and balanced potential levels for charge separation at the D/A interface. The best photovoltaic device exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16% at 490 nm and a power efficiency of 0.6% under illumination with solar light. The morphology of PCz/PDI films studied by SEM showed the formation of a favorable micro-phase separation, which is important in obtaining high efficiency. Incorporation of poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT) instead of PCz as donor produced a much lower Voc and thus a lower efficiency in solar cells.
Li et al. (2005) studied this question.