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A Li2CO3-doped water/alcohol-soluble neutral conjugated polymer is used as the electron-injection layer in a solution-processed polymer OWLED with very high efficiency. A maximum forward viewing luminous efficiency of 36.1 cd A−1 and a power efficiency of 23.4 lm W−1 were achieved, values comparable to those reported for the state-of-the-art vacuum deposited small -molecule OWLEDs.
Huang et al. (2008) studied this question.