Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
This article examines four dimensions of accountability as they apply to not-for-profit hospitals and health systems: political accountability, particularly relating to the retention of tax-exempt status; commercial accountability associated with the nonprofit hospital's role of selling low cost and high value health services to a variety of commercial payers; community accountability in terms of addressing community health and other social needs, and clinical/patient accountability in terms of access and quality outcomes.
Larry Gamm (1996) studied this question.