This study aims to assess the physicochemical quality of groundwater and to characterize the hydro geochemical facies of Jurassic aquifers located in the irrigated rural communes surrounding the city of Tiflet (Sidi Abderrazak, M’kam Attalb, and Aïn Johra) in the Rabat-Sale-Kénitra region of Morocco. Twenty groundwater-sampling points were collected during January and February 2024, taking into account the dominant agricultural practices in the study area. The major ions (Cl−, SO42−, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3−) were analyzed using ion chromatography, and their spatial distribution was examined using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The results reveal a general northward flow of the shallow groundwater aquifer toward the El Kansra dam. Groundwater temperatures range from 17.5 to 20.5 °C, while pH values are close to neutral (7.30–7.65), indicating relatively stable physicochemical conditions. Overall, groundwater quality is considered satisfactory for all the sampled wells. Hydrogeochemical analysis, supported by the Schoeller–Berkaloff diagram, reveals a predominance of the calcium-bicarbonate facies, indicating that groundwater mineralization is mainly controlled by the dissolution of carbonate formations. Four hydrogeochemical facies were identified: a sodium-chloride facies in the central–southern area, a sodium–sulfate facies in the northern and northeastern zones, a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate facies in the central-western area, and evolved mixed facies in the transitional zones. The observed spatial variability results from the combined effects of lithological controls, water-rock interactions, and, locally, anthropogenic influences. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights a clear structuring of the groundwater physicochemical parameters, with the first two factorial axes explaining a significant proportion of the total variance (approximately 68%). These findings provide essential scientific insights into the hydrogeochemical functioning of the Jurassic aquifers in the Oued Beht basin and constitute a solid basis for the sustainable and rational management of groundwater resources.
Sbai et al. (2026) studied this question.