PulseExploreJournal ClubDebatesTrendingResearchersJournals
Instagram
HomeExploreJournal ClubTrending
Synapse
⌘+K
Synapse
August 16, 20260 citationsOpen Access

A Geometric Origin of the Koide Relation: Lepton Generations and Mass Hierarchy from a Degree-Three Monopole Bundle

View Full Paper
NMNenad Markovic

Key Points

  • To establish a fundamental geometric origin for the empirical Koide relation and derive the charged-lepton mass hierarchy without arbitrary parameters.
  • Modeled three charged-lepton generations as the complete zero-mode kernel of the Dirac operator on a degree-three monopole bundle over an internal two-sphere.
  • Imposed a reality structure (Theta^2 = +1) to constrain the vacuum state and utilized parallel transport on the Fubini–Study metric to determine orientation angles.
  • Locked the amplitude ratio to sqrt(2) and fixed the orientation angle to exactly -2/9, reproducing Koide's relation.
  • Derived charged-lepton mass ratios of 1 : 206.770 : 3477.5, matching empirical measurements to four significant figures with a single free overall scale.
  • Demonstrated that electron lightness arises from destructive interference located 2.27 degrees from an exact null while simultaneously yielding Standard Model chirality from six-dimensional consistency.

Abstract

The charged-lepton masses satisfy Koide’s relation K = 2/3 to five decimal places — for four decades an unexplained regularity. We present a geometric origin. The three generations are the complete zero-mode kernel of the Dirac operator on a degree-three monopole bundle over an internal two-sphere, realized as the symmetric square of a single spinorial doublet whose antiperiodicity is forced, not chosen. A reality structure (Θ2 = +1) selects a coherent vacuum that locks the amplitude ratio to √ 2 — Koide’s relation — while transport around three symmetry-selected seats fixes the orientation angle to exactly −2/9, with stiffness given by the Fubini–Study metric and a unit winding source. The resulting mass ratios 1 : 206.770 : 3477.5 match measurement to four significant figures with only an overall scale free; the electron’s lightness becomes computed destructive interference, its seat 2.27◦ from an exact null. Six-dimensional consistency yields the Standard Model’s handedness pattern as an unaimed byproduct, and ties the generation count and the four-dimensional anomaly account to the same flux integer. Three postulates and one interpretive import are declared up front; the running-to-pole scheme question remains open, shared with all approaches to this observable.

Ask AI
Helpful
Bookmark
Share
View Full Paper

Cite This Study

Nenad Markovic (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a817aa1f2fb91fc834ae9a9https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21959684
Ask AI
Helpful
Bookmark
Share
View Full Paper