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Electromechanical properties and high power characteristics of Pb ‐free hard piezoelectric ceramics in the ( BiN a 0.88 K 0.08 Li 0.04 ) 0.5 ( Ti 1− x Mn x ) O 3 ( x = 0, 0.014, 0.015, and 0.016) system were studied. Mn doping resulted in a considerable enhancement of mechanical quality factor Q m and vibration velocity. The lowest mechanical and dielectric losses were achieved in 1.5 mol% Mn ‐doped ceramics with a planar Q m of about 970 and tanδ of 0.89%. The heat dissipation and resonance frequency shift under high drive condition were remarkably suppressed upon Mn doping. The maximum vibration velocity was increased from 0.28 m/s in undoped ceramic to 0.6 m/s in 1.5 mol% Mn ‐doped composition. The results of this study revealed that Mn ‐doped BNT ‐based piezoelectrics exhibited a superior high power performance compared to their lead‐based counterparts such as PZT 4 and PZT 8 ceramics.
Hejazi et al. (2014) studied this question.