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The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (or V-ATPases) are a family of ATP-dependent proton pumps that are responsible for acidification of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells (1-3). Acidification of vacuolar compartments plays an important role in a variety of cellular processes, particularly membrane traffic processes. In receptor-mediated endocytosis, acidification of endosomes serves as a signal that activates release of internalized ligands (such as low density lipoprotein and insulin) from their receptors.
Michael Forgac (1999) studied this question.