Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
The attack of Hamas on Israel of October 7, 2023, and the military response of the latter in Gaza have made news headlines for much of the last quarter of 2023 and early 2024. The international community has attempted to prevent escalation and the spreading of the conflict to other parts of the Middle East and the wider world. Despite those efforts, a major security situation emerged in mid-November in the Red Sea and the Strait of Bab al-Mandab more specifically (map in Fig. 1 ), when Houthi Rebels based in Yemen started to target international shipping transiting through the region. In a matter of weeks, the situation escalated, adversely affecting both shipping and trade.
Notteboom et al. (2024) studied this question.