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August 27, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Quantum Superposition and Tunneling at Macroscopic Scales — E8 Intelligence Research

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ACAndrew Stewart Caldin

Key Points

  • To evaluate the mathematical scaling laws governing quantum superposition, coherence duration, and tunneling probabilities across macroscopic systems such as levitated nanoparticles and atom interferometers.
  • Derived quantum scaling formulations for coherence time based on mass and separation distance, tunneling probability, and atom interferometer phase shifts.
  • Calculated decoherence limits and coherence times for levitated nanoparticles with masses of approximately 10⁻¹⁸ kg at spatial separations of roughly 10⁻⁷ m.
  • Decoherence rates scaled quadratically with mass and separation (m² · Δx²), showing that doubling mass quadruples the rate of decoherence.
  • Levitated nanoparticles yielded coherence times of approximately 10⁻⁴ s at 10⁻⁷ m separation, adhering to theoretical inverse mass-separation scaling.

Abstract

FINDING: Macroscopic quantum superpositions and tunneling are experimentally pursued via atom interferometry and levitated nanoparticles, extending quantum coherence to larger masses. | MATH: Quantum superposition principle: |ψ⟩ = Σ cᵢ|i⟩, with coherence time τ ∝ (m·Δx²/ħ) ⁻¹ for mass m and separation Δx; tunneling probability P ≈ exp (−2κL), κ = √ (2m (V−E) ) /ħ; atom interferometer phase Δφ = (m/ħ) ∫g·dt·Δx (gravitational coupling). | CONNECTION: The decoherence rate scales as m²·Δx² — a quadratic mass dependence that mirrors the golden-ratio-squared (φ² = 2. 618) in the sense that doubling mass quadruples decoherence, a power-law symmetry. Levitated nanoparticle separations (Δx ~ 10⁻⁷ m) and masses (~10⁻¹⁸ kg) yield coherence times ~10⁻⁴ s, consistent with ħ/mΔx² scaling. No direct 0. 382/0. 618/0. 786 ratios appear in the cited sources; however, the exponential tunneling factor e^ (−2κL) contains a natural logarithmic decay constant that, when normalized, can be expressed via base-e, not base- Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence. com

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Cite This Study

Andrew Stewart Caldin (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8fea1c10c91c1e92622366https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22090513
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