Alterations in Gastric Microbial Communities Are Associated with Risk of Gastric Cancer in a Korean Population: A Case-Control Study

Although the microbiome has a potential role in gastric cancer (GC), little is known about microbial dysbiosis and its functions. This study aimed to observe the associations between the alterations in gastric microbial communities and GC risk. The study participants included 268 GC patients and 288 controls. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize the microbiome. StreptococcusNCVM and Prevotella melaninogenica species were highly enriched in cases and controls, respectively. Those who were in the third tertile of P. melaninogenica showed a significantly decreased risk of GC in total (odds ratio (OR): 0. 91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0. 38–0. 96, p-trend = 0. 071). Class Bacilli was phylogenetically enriched in cases, while phylum Actinobacteria, class Actinobacteria were related to the controls. The microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) was significantly higher for the cases compared with the healthy controls in the female population (p = 0. 002). Females in the third tertile of the MDI showed a significantly increased risk of GC (OR: 2. 66, 95% CI: 1. 19-5. 99, p-trend = 0. 017). Secondary bile acid synthesis and biosynthesis of ansamycins pathways were highly abundant in cases and controls, respectively. Dysbiosis of gastric microbial communities is associated with an increased risk of GC specifically in females.