What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to analyze and explore differences in undergraduate vocational education systems during the VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous) era.

March 2, 2026Open Access

Research on the Establishment of an Innovative Education System for Undergraduate Vocational Education: Difference Analysis and Path Exploration in the VUCA Era

Key Points

The study aims to analyze and explore differences in undergraduate vocational education systems during the VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous) era.
Conducted qualitative analysis on current educational frameworks
Examined policy impacts on undergraduate vocational education
Identified innovative practices and challenges
Highlighted significant differences in educational approaches
Proposed new pathways for enhancing vocational education
Indicated the need for adaptive strategies in response to VUCA challenges

Abstract

Background. With China’s strong policy push toward undergraduate-level, type-based vocational education, undergraduate vocational education has emerged as a new institutional form bridging higher education and techn

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