Stefan D. Anker

A high VE-VCO2 slope (>34) in chronic heart failure independently predicted lower 18-month survival compared with a normal slope (69% vs. 95%, p<0.0001).

Elevated VE-VCO2 slope signals higher-risk HF; supports prognostic models but leaves open whether it alters management.

Patiromer lowers serum potassium across subgroups, dropping potassium by ~0.28 mEq/L in advanced CKD.

Supports patiromer for potassium management in HFrEF on RAASi across eGFR/K+ levels; extends DIAMOND trial to eGFR <45 and hyperkalemia subgroups.

PA acceleration time <100 ms is linked to ~20% higher all-cause mortality in older adults.

Should not yet guide risk stratification in older adults; leaves open incremental value beyond cardiovascular factors.

Residual moderate secondary MR at 12 months is linked to ~69% higher death or HFH.

Persistent moderate/severe SMR after GDMT optimization identifies higher-risk HF patients; supports serial echo reassessment and trials of intervention in moderate SMR.

AUG 21ArundelENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)

Inpatient target-dose ACE inhibitor initiation is linked to ~9% lower all-cause mortality vs below-target doses.

Target-dose ACE inhibitor initiation was associated with lower mortality in hospitalized HFrEF; leaves open whether randomized trials should confirm this before practice change.

Target-dose vs below-target-dose lisinopril and fosinopril in HFrEF with advanced CKD

AUG 1FerreiraJournal of Cardiac Failure

Empagliflozin slightly increases serum calcium and phosphate levels in patients with heart failure.

Minor increases in calcium and phosphate with empagliflozin warrant no clinical concern; confirms cardiovascular benefits independent of baseline levels in heart failure.

Target-dose ACE inhibitors show no mortality benefit over below-target doses in HFpEF.

Target-dose ACE inhibitors were associated with lower kidney failure risk but no mortality benefit in HFpEF; leaves open optimal dosing pending randomized trials.

MAR 2003AnkerThe Lancet

Weight loss ≥6% in chronic heart failure is linked to ~2.1-fold higher mortality.

Supports weight-loss monitoring for prognosis in chronic HF; leaves open whether preventing ≥6% loss improves survival.

AUG 2022HarringtonEuropean Heart Journal

Putting the puzzle together: SGLT2 inhibitors from prevention to treatment of heart failure

Chronic heart failure is linked to lower levels of specific circulating miRNAs and higher GDF-15.

miRNA/cytokine signatures may flag cardiac cachexia in CHF; leaves open their value as biomarkers for function and remodelling.

Cardiac wasting links to ~46% lower visceral fat index in advanced cancer.

Fat-free mass reduction may flag cardiac wasting in advanced cancer independent of therapy; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before clinical use.

OCT 1ChopraJournal of Cardiac Failure

2026 iCARDIO Alliance Global Implementation Guidelines on Heart Failure

May support equitable HF care in resource-limited settings; leaves open prospective validation of implementation and outcomes.

OCT 1997AnkerJournal of the American College of Cardiology

Chronic heart failure is linked to a ~2-fold increase in sTNFR-1, correlating with disease severity.

In chronic heart failure, elevated soluble TNF receptors and a higher cortisol/DHEA ratio correlate with lower BMI and reduced peak oxygen consumption, suggesting a link to muscle wasting.

AUG 2022KotechaEuropean Heart Journal

CODE-EHR best practice framework for the use of structured electronic healthcare records in clinical research

The CODE-EHR framework establishes minimum standards for using structured electronic healthcare records in clinical research to ensure robust and transparent evidence generation.