Supplementary Figure 1 from Diagnostic Risk Prediction Models for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review

Key Points

• MAIN FINDING: The assessment reveals variations in bias across included studies on cancer prediction.
• KEY EVIDENCE: Supplementary Figure 1 clearly illustrates the risk of bias in the evaluated studies.
• APPROACH: A systematic review method was used to evaluate diagnostic risk prediction models for accuracy.
• SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding bias helps improve the reliability of cancer risk predictions and patient outcomes.