Abstract The innovative dynamics of communication networks are being challenged unprecedentedly by rising data traffic, dynamically evolving topologies, and the increased complexity of distributed intelligent applications. Typically, routing algorithms are inadequate for adjusting in actual time to address network congestion, changes in computational needs and heterogeneity and real-time. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid quantum-augmented routing model that synergistically integrates quantum reinforcement learning with physics-motivated network modeling by reasoning in terms of a space‒time continuum. Here, the phenomenon of network congestion is simulated as a curvature on the fabric of space-time, and the computation facilities on nodes are envisioned as a gravitational source, which directs the flows of data. The most essential innovation is the development of an artificial intelligence awareness layer (AIAL), that functions with quantum-aid learning agents proactively weighing and choosing the routing paths in live environments. The quantum agents query the multiple parallel paths in SQL via quantum superposition and quantum parallelism to enhance convergence and global route optimization. The hybrid structure is built upon features of the local adaptability of quantum-enhanced Q-learning and global contextual knowledge of deep Q-networks (DQNs), which are constantly adjusted to changes in network metrics, such as the load, latency, and availability of nodes. Large simulations demonstrate that this structure has a reward/cost ratio of 138.16, scales well during states of extreme congestion and is structurally efficient in all cases, with higher resiliency and faster convergence of the framework than those of OSPF, the EIGRP, the IS-IS and the RIP. Although this is a positive finding, it is reached under certain simulation conditions and it is not directly applicable in real-life network with diverse topologies and traffic patterns. The findings corroborate that coupling quantum reinforcement learning with physics-inspired routing will make full use of the adaptive optimal routing discoverable in uncertain situations, changing network conditions in an autonomous manner. This study establishes a basis for a new generation of cognitively adaptive, self-optimizing networks to best meet the needs of 6G, edge computing and quantum-aware distributed infrastructures.
Abdelghany et al. (Wed,) studied this question.