Aim. To study the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on the cardiovascular and all-cause death risk in a long-term 34-year cohort prospective study. Material and methods. In 1988-1991, 1546 people (630 men and 916 women) aged 20-59 years were examined. Over 34-year follow-up, 556 deaths occurred, including 244 from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Results. Tobacco smoking increases the all-cause death risk by 2,4 times, and among people aged 20-39 by 3,5 times. Among men who quit smoking, the death risk is 1,9 times higher compared to nonsmokers. Among older people, quitting smoking did not affect the death risk. Smoking increases the cardiovascular death risk by 1,9 times, and among people under 40 by 3,6 times. Among those who quit smoking, the cardiovascular death is 1,7 times higher compared to non-smokers. The 34-year survival rate among non-smokers is 70,2%, smokers — 47,2%, and those who quit smoking — 57,1%. Conclusion. A significant contribution of smoking to the increased cardiovascular and all-cause death risk was revealed. Smoking cessation in the older age group is accompanied by a persistent increased cardiovascular and all-cause death risk. The best age to quit smoking is before 40 years.
Долгалев et al. (Tue,) studied this question.