Abstract Due to their autonomy, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) can operate independently. Over time, this distinctive capability has rendered UAS both instrumental and indispensable across multiple domains. For example, the multi-rotor configuration is recognized as one of the most prevalent quadcopter designs and has been extensively employed in diverse sectors, notably in surveillance operations and agricultural practices. This manuscript delineates a computational fluid dynamics investigation of a quadcopter, focusing on the analysis of flow phenomena at varying Angles of Attack (AOA). A commercially available computer-aided design (CAD) tool is employed for the frame design process, while ANSYS 2022 R1, a black box solver, facilitated the CFD simulations. By utilizing a design that has been optimized through topology, a thorough investigation of flow characteristics, including the wake region and vortex flow phenomena, is conducted, wherein numerical simulations are executed at different wind velocities. Furthermore, the stability of the UAS throughout the lift-off and hovering processes is examined. The results reveal a high level of quadcopter stability depending on AOA and velocity. These findings provide critical insights into the interaction between aerodynamic parameters and operating conditions like control precision, drift, deviation, power consumption, payload capacity, flight dynamics, application potential, and automation. The novelty of the final UAS design is that: i) it exhibited low drag, which is comparable to a streamlined half body, and ii) it reduced the assembly time by being a monocoque structure.
Pratap et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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