Manufacturing enterprises in Industry 4.0 era: a maturity model for emerging economies

This study proposes a new Industry4.0 maturity model, which addresses specific challenges of manufacturing enterprises in emerging economies. The study began with a systematic literature review of Industry4.0 maturity models (2011–2021) to identify core dimensions, forming the foundation of the Industry4.0 maturity model for emerging economies (IMMEE). This was followed by the interview of 21 experts from Europe and Africa to validate and refine these dimensions, incorporating additional dimensions and sub-dimensions critical to the challenges faced by enterprises in emerging economies. This study developed and validated the IMMEE, which incorporates factors such as macroeconomic instability, spillover effects of policies, logistics infrastructure, and the availability of digital skills. It features 7 dimensions, 17 sub-dimensions, and 4 maturity levels, offering a comprehensive framework for Industry4.0 stakeholders in both developed and developing countries. The IMMEE provides a roadmap for Industry4.0 transition in emerging economies and fills a critical gap in current models.