Abstract Waste management and the growing demand for energy owing to industrialization are critical global issues. The depletion of fossil fuels and the threat of global warming have highlighted the need for alternative solutions. Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) offers a promising approach to address these challenges. However, the complex structure of LCB requires pretreatment to enhance its accessibility for biofuel production. This step, although essential, is the second most costly in biofuel production, comprising about 20% of the total investment. Various pretreatment methods, namely hydrothermal, chemical, physical and biological, have been developed, each with its advantages and limitations. To overcome such obstacles, the synergetic application of employing physical with a mild‐chemical process seems to be a promising approach in terms of energy conservation, cost‐effectiveness and environmental security. The selection of the appropriate method depends on the characteristics of the LCB and the desired outcome. This review provides an overview of current pretreatment techniques, assessing their effectiveness in separating valuable biopolymeric components, and highlights ongoing efforts to develop cost‐effective, versatile methods for large‐scale lignocellulosic biofuel production.
Kumar et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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