The development of TENGs based on electrospinning technology for wearable intelligent sensing devices

With the rapid development of 5G and Internet of Things technologies, the demand for self-powered and highly sensitive sensing in intelligent wearable devices is becoming increasingly urgent. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) couple contact triboelectrification with electrostatic induction that provides a revolutionary solution for mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Electrospinning technology, with its unique capability for the controllable fabrication of nanofibers, offers an ideal material and structural platform for wearable TENG design. This review systematically introduces the latest advancements in electrospun TENGs for wearable intelligent sensing applications. Initially, commencing with the evolution of electrospinning technology, this study examines the influence of process parameters on fiber morphology and the selection strategies for polymer materials based on their triboelectric properties. Subsequently, it elaborates on the four fundamental working modes of TENGs. The spotlight is placed on the innovative applications of electrospun TENGs in energy harvesting, motion monitoring, health management, and human–machine interaction, thereby highlighting their extensive potential in wearable electronic sensing devices. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in improving output power, optimizing long-term stability, scaling up production, and addressing material toxicity. Future research should focus on nanofiber electrode interface engineering, the development of non-toxic and biodegradable materials, the integration of energy storage systems, and green manufacturing processes. This will drive the advancement of electrospun TENGs into high-performance, intelligent, and environmentally friendly wearable electronics. This effort aims to furnish sustainable solutions for personalized healthcare, intelligent sports, and human–computer interaction in the era of IoT.