Validating a Technology Adoption Instrument for Smart Supply Chain Management: A S-CVI/Ave-Based Approach

Digital transformation has become integral to achieving agility and resilience in manufacturing, with Big Data Analytics (BDA) playing a pivotal role in enabling Smart Supply Chain Management (SmSCM) through real-time tracking, predictive analytics, and demand forecasting (Castro Benavides et al., 2022; Qin et al., 2024). As firms increasingly adopt digital systems, the need for psychometrically sound instruments to assess technology usage and performance impact becomes critical. However, many studies using UTAUT2-based frameworks often rely on adapted instruments without formal content validation, risking poor construct alignment and measurement bias (Shi et al., 2012; Polit Narmaditya et al., 2024). It adopts the Content Validity Index (CVI) approach, using expert judgment to assess item relevance and clarity through I-CVI and S-CVI/Ave metrics. While CVI is well-established in health and education domains (Farsi et al., 2025; Dueñas Zorrilla et al., 2024), its application in technology adoption research in manufacturing remains limited. JEL Codes: Keywords: Content Validity Index, S-CVI/Ave, Smart Supply Chain Management, Technology Adoption, UTAUT2