Sun, environment and health: an eco-epidemiological analysis of skin cancer mortality in Brazil (2013–2023)

This study investigated patterns of mortality from malignant skin neoplasms in Brazil between 2013 and 2023, using an eco-epidemiological approach with spatial and statistical analyses. Mortality data were obtained from SIM/DATASUS, classified under ICD-10 codes C43 and C44, and associated with environmental variables such as annual average temperature, UV radiation, wildfires, and vegetation cover. Mortality rates were standardized and correlated with environmental factors through multiple linear regressions and generalized additive models (GAM), along with spatial analysis using Global Moran's I and LISA. A total of 20,088 deaths were recorded, with a predominance among men, the elderly, white individuals, and those with low education. The South and Southeast regions showed the highest mortality rates. Environmental factors such as high temperatures, frequent wildfires, and intense UV radiation were positively associated with mortality, while vegetation cover showed a protective effect. It is concluded that there is a significant spatial and environmental pattern in skin cancer mortality in Brazil, reinforcing the urgent need for integrated public health and environmental policies focused on prevention, early diagnosis, and equitable access to dermatological care.