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August 26, 2025ChemNanoMat2 citations

Metal–Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks as Catalysts and Photocatalysts for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from CO2 and Epoxides

HYHossein YazdaniUniversity of Nizwa ARAli RostamiUniversity of Tabriz AAAhmed Al‐HarrasiFlorida State University

Key Points

Cyclic carbonates are synthesized from CO2 and epoxides using metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, significantly impacting chemical synthesis.
The review emphasizes how these advanced materials showcase notable catalytic activity and reusability in CO2 fixation processes.
With exceptional surface area and porosity, MOFs and COFs have great potential in photocatalytic CO2 reactions, presenting opportunities for future research.
The exploration of challenges in using MOFs and COFs proposes promising directions for advancements in sustainably transforming CO2 into valuable chemicals.

Abstract

The rising concentration of CO 2 as a greenhouse gas has greatly impacted the global climate, contributing to escalating temperatures worldwide. In this regard, transforming atmospheric CO 2 from a harmful waste product into valuable chemicals holds immense significance in current modern chemistry. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), renowned for their porous architectures, have been effectively utilized for CO 2 fixation with epoxides, producing cyclic carbonates, key compounds with diverse applications in solvent systems, pharmaceuticals, and polymer synthesis. These advanced materials, characterized by exceptional surface area, porosity, and structural versatility, have showcased notable catalytic activity, selectivity, and reusability. This review underscores the transformative potential of MOFs and COFs as promoters for the effective transformation of CO 2 to cyclic carbonates while analyzing the latest advancements in the field. Furthermore, it highlights the role of photocatalytic CO 2 cycloaddition reactions mediated by these frameworks and delves into the challenges and opportunities for future exploration.

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