Depopulation in Ukraine During the Years of Full-Scale Invasion of Russia: The Factor of Forced Migration

The article comprehensively analyzes the problems of depopulation in Ukraine during the years of Russia’s full-scale invasion of its territory, with a focus on forced migration. By analyzing the demographic situation in Ukraine (2022–2024), it is shown that the problem of depopulation has become one of the most serious national problems that has accompanied the country since the restoration of independence in 1991. The main concepts, approaches and methodological principles that form the current scientific discourse on this topic, reveal the nature of the phenomenon under study, as well as their relevance in the modern scientific space are considered. The author focuses on the relationship between forced migration and depopulation, analyzes the structure of migration flows, including gender and age characteristics, which affects the socio-economic development of both Ukraine during the Russian-Ukrainian war, which is losing population, and those states that receive migrants. It is stated that most citizens left Ukraine in March – June 2022 (approximately 44 % of all Ukrainians who are currently abroad left), after which migration flows decreased slightly, but the percentage of people leaving the country was still significant. It is noted that the majority of Ukrainian citizens left for the EU countries, in particular Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Italy and Spain, which is confirmed by statistical data. Given the statistical data, it is concluded that there is a significant proportion of children among refugees (from 25 % to 51 %), as well as women aged 35–64 and a gradually increasing percentage of adult men. It is noted that an important aspect of the analysis was the study of state policy in the field of regulation of migration processes and measures to curb depopulation, such as demographic programs, incentives for the return of migrants, and integration measures in recipient countries. It is argued that the conclusions of the article contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of forced migration during Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and its impact on depopulation