This paper focuses on the design and implementation of a relational database for an Academic Information System (AIS), aiming to streamline data management and improve the efficiency of academic processes. The study highlights challenges faced by educational institutions in managing large volumes of student and academic data, often resulting in inefficiencies and errors. The objective is to create a relational database supporting student information, course registrations, faculty assignments, and academic records. The methodology includes developing an Entity-Relationship (ER) model, applying database normalization, and implementing the system using Structured Query Language (SQL). The result is a functional database that improves data retrieval speed, enhances integrity, and simplifies access for academic staff and administrators. The solution contributes to optimizing academic data management by ensuring consistency, reducing errors, and offering scalability for future growth. This research also includes system performance evaluations and stakeholder feedback from faculty, staff, and students. Findings reveal significant improvements in usability, accuracy, and system responsiveness compared to prior legacy systems. Integrated security measures, including role-based access and encryption, safeguard data and ensure compliance with institutional privacy policies. The relational database framework supports real-time access, centralized control, and efficient administrative workflows. Overall, this system strengthens digital infrastructure in educational institutions and aligns with broader digital transformation goals. It enhances data-driven decision-making and supports sustainable, scalable, and secure academic information management, making it a valuable contribution to improving operational performance and educational service delivery in higher education settings.
Azuddin et al. (Mon,) studied this question.