The influence of the socio-historical context on the formation of the moral consciousness of a historical personality (with V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky as an example)

The article is part of a comprehensive psychobiographic study devoted to the reconstruction of the life path and socio-psychological characteristics of a representative of the moral elite of the late nineteenth and first half of the twentieth centuries, an outstanding Russian religious figure, scientist, surgeon Valentin Felixovich (Archbishop Luke) Voino-Yasenetsky (1877-1961). The psychobiographic method was developed by N. A. Loginova on the basis of the structural model of personality proposed by B. G. Ananyev highlighted such basic forms of human existence as the individual, personality, subject of activity, individuality. The conducted research allowed us to draw some conclusions about the personal characteristics of V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky: his status, social roles, value orientations and their hierarchy, features of the motivational sphere, interests, ideals, beliefs, worldview, orientation. This historical figure has always gravitated towards an ascetic lifestyle, consciously imposed restrictions, to which both her inner, hidden from others, and social life were subordinated. The result of a restrained approach to the variety of opportunities offered to this person by his parental family and his own intellectual and artistic abilities was a lack of desire to achieve social recognition and social stability. The main preferences in his life were: religious faith, love for people, sacrifice and justice. These value orientations, having declared themselves at the very beginning of their lives, acquired an increasingly conscious character and a carefully calibrated hierarchy. The orientation of V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky's leading personality characteristic grew out of a persistent interest in meaningful, religious, and theological issues. The whole set of stable motives guiding his activities was formed through existential searches, knowledge and acceptance of the Christian spiritual heritage preserved by the Russian Orthodox Church.