Context: Gene and heredity are central themes in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, closely linked with the concept of Farreh (divine glory or fortune). These elements significantly influence the characters and stories within Shahnameh. Lineage and heredity are believed to endow individuals with certain powers and abilities, with Gohar (essence, noble birth) being a divine attribute that inclines individuals towards goodness. Farreh, which legitimizes kings and heroes, is a divine power that is passed down hereditarily, forming the foundation of many events in Shahnameh. Evidence Acquisition: In Shahnameh, the connection between lineage, heredity, and Farreh is explored through the actions and decisions of kings and heroes. The narrative emphasizes the importance of noble birth and divine confirmation in maintaining power and prestige. The text also highlights the significance of marriage and succession in preserving lineage and Farreh. The story of Goodarz’s dream, where Soroush (an angel) reveals that only Giv can bring Keykhosrow from Turan due to his possession of Farreh, illustrates the hereditary nature of this divine power. Results: Shahnameh portrays how Farreh is essential for kingship and heroism, with individuals of noble descent being the only ones capable of wielding this power. The narrative demonstrates that Farreh is not accessible to those of ordinary descent, and it underscores the interconnectedness of royal and heroic families in sustaining this divine glory. The story of Keykhosrow, whose mixed heritage initially raises doubts about his possession of Farreh, ultimately reveals his divine confirmation through his actions, such as the opening of fortress of Bahman. Conclusions: Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh intricately weaves the themes of gene, heredity, and Farreh, illustrating their pivotal roles in the legitimacy and success of kings and heroes. The text underscores the importance of noble lineage and divine confirmation in the continuity of power and prestige. Through its characters and stories, Shahnameh conveys the belief that Farreh is a hereditary and divine attribute essential for leadership and heroism.
Shahraki et al. (Tue,) studied this question.