Color has always played a central role in expressing cultural, philosophical, and social values in ancient Chinese architecture and furniture. This study examines the symbolic use of color in ancient Chinese architecture and furniture through philosophical, cultural, and social connotations. It draws on the Wuxing (Five Elements) and YinYang theories of color to explore how colors such as red, yellow, black, and gold are closely linked to imperial authority, prosperity, and harmony with nature. Using a qualitative methodology, the research combines a historical literature review and case studies particularly focusing on furniture from the Forbidden City and the Ming (1368 1644)Qing (1644 1912) dynasties to analyze the evolution and material expression of color symbolism. The findings reveal that design decisions in ancient China were deeply rooted in philosophical doctrines, material availability, and sociopolitical functions. These traditions continue to influence modern sustainable, heritage-based design. However, their survival is increasingly challenged by urbanization, globalization, and material scarcity. This study highlights the importance of incorporating traditional Chinese color philosophies into contemporary design education to promote sustainable architecture and cross-cultural innovation. It demonstrates that ancient esthetics still play a key role in shaping responsible and meaningful modern design.
Zhang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.