This meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between chronotype and insomnia. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted to identify prospective and cross-sectional studies published before July 2023. Sixteen studies involving 27,789 participants were included. Chronotype was assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were used for continuous outcomes. Random-effects models were applied in the presence of moderate-to-high heterogeneity. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to assess robustness and consistency. Compared with morning types, evening chronotypes had a significantly higher risk of insomnia (odds ratio, 3.47; 95% confidence interval, 2.50-4.83; P<.00001) and higher ISI scores (mean difference, 3.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.70-4.30; P<.00001). Intermediate chronotypes also showed elevated risk (odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-2.09; P=.0004) and moderately higher ISI scores (mean difference, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.47-2.63; P=.005) compared with morning types. Individuals with an evening chronotype were more likely to report insomnia symptoms compared with those with morning or intermediate chronotypes. Intermediate chronotypes tended to have a moderate association, while morning types showed the lowest likelihood of reporting insomnia symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of considering chronotype in the assessment and management of insomnia.
Zhao et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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