Effects Problem Solving Skills in School Learning : Systematic Literature Review

Problem-solving is an essential skill in learning, requiring students to understand problems and find conceptual solutions. However, many students still perceive classroom learning as merely receiving information, making the role of educators crucial in developing more meaningful learning approaches. One relevant approach is problem solving, which encourages students not only to comprehend material but also to solve problems based on the concepts learned. This study aims to analyze the effects of problem-solving skills in school learning, strengthen the relationship between teachers and students, and enhance student motivation to practice critical thinking skills. This research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method guided by PRISMA, analyzing 38 articles indexed in Scopus and SINTA, published from 2019 to 2024 in both Indonesia and other countries. Data were analyzed based on publication year, educational level, and research location. The findings indicate that implementing a problem-solving approach effectively improves students' problem-solving abilities, trains critical thinking, and fosters more interactive learning between teachers and students. This approach also enhances learning motivation, encouraging greater student engagement with school subjects. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that selecting an appropriate learning approach, particularly problem solving, has a positive impact on improving students' problem-solving skills in schools. The implication of this study highlights the importance for teachers to consistently apply adaptive, interactive, and student-centered approaches to optimize learning outcomes.