Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Advances in molecular diagnostics have led to new therapeutic approaches based on genetic alterations. Objective: To review recent progress in the treatment of NSCLC, including targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and strategies to overcome drug resistance. Methods: Narrative review based on recent literature. No systematic search strategy was applied. Two summary tables present approved therapies for molecular targets and emerging immune-based strategies. Results: Therapies targeting EGFR, ALK, ROS1, MET, RET, KRAS, and NTRK are discussed, as well as the use of checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, and bispecific antibodies. Mechanisms of resistance and corresponding therapeutic approaches are reviewed. Some treatment combinations show statistical improvement in progression-free or overall survival, but clinical significance remains to be clarified. Conclusions: Modern NSCLC treatment is increasingly personalized. Molecular profiling guides therapy selection, and novel agents expand options for resistant disease. Further studies should focus on clinical endpoints and optimal treatment combinations.
Krawczyk et al. (Fri,) studied this question.