Extreme rainfall is defined as rain that occurs with heavy intensity or very high rainfall in a short period of time, which can lead to hydrometeorological disasters. This study analyzes the influence of extreme rainfall that plays an important role in the long-term period in several different climate types, namely tropical rainforest, tropical monsoon, and tropical savanna climate types, in the last 30 years, represented by Pontianak, Semarang, and Kupang, respectively. The results showed that the highest to lowest percentage of extreme rainfall events were recorded in Pontianak, Semarang and Kupang, respectively, throughout the study period. Furthermore, based on trend analysis, it is known that there is an increasing trend of extreme rainfall found in Pontianak for all extreme rainfall indices, a dominant downward trend in Kupang, and a variable trend (up/down) in Semarang. The findings of this study can be used as a reference for future climate change research and for the development of climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in Indonesia.
Kiki Kiki (Tue,) studied this question.