The refugee situation in India presents complex humanitarian, legal, and policy challenges, necessitating a data-driven exploration of the country’s response mechanisms. This research paper undertakes a quantitative analysis of refugee protection in India, examining patterns in refugee inflow, state-wise distribution, access to services, and institutional responses. Despite being home to a significant refugee population, India lacks a dedicated national refugee law, relying instead on ad hoc administrative measures and its obligations under various international human rights instruments. The study critically assesses the legal and institutional frameworks currently in place, highlighting the gaps between policy and practice. It also identifies key challenges such as legal invisibility, limited access to education, healthcare, and employment, and the growing pressure on state resources. Drawing on data from governmental sources, international organisations, and refugee-support agencies, this paper presents empirical insights into the lived experiences of refugees in India. Case comparisons with countries like Canada, Germany, and Uganda offer contrasting models of refugee integration and policy implementation. The findings aim to inform future policy direction, advocating for a rights-based, standardised approach to refugee protection in India. Recommendations include the establishment of a national legal framework, improved coordination among stakeholders, and enhanced data systems to support evidence-based policy making.
Rabia Sehrish (Sun,) studied this question.