Effect of Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Extracts in Alleviating PCOS‐Induced Myocardial Toxicity in Female Albino Mice (Mus musculus): In Silico and In Vivo Approaches

ABSTRACT The current research work aims to characterize and evaluate cardioprotective and anti‐lipidemic effects of Ajwa date extracts on testosterone enanthate (TE)‐induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in female albino mice. The phyto‐profilling of date extracts was analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) following standard methods. The PCOS was experimentally induced in the mice by intramuscular infusion of TE for 35 days. Ajwa date seed extract (ADSE) and Ajwa date whole extract (ADWE) were administered for 14 days at two different doses: 1 and 2 g/kg/BW. Serum creatine kinase myocardial band (CK‐MB) and lipid profiles were measured. The results showed that PCOS group exhibited elevated activities of serum CK‐MB and altered lipid profiles. Histological analysis of G2 (PCOS group) showed altered architecture of cardiac tissues. The molecular docking was also performed to support the results of in vivo studies. The HPLC characterization revealed that both extracts contained various polyphenols, quercetin, gallic acid, catechin (was found maximum in ADWE), and rutin (was found maximum in ADSE). The biochemical results revealed a significant decrease ( p < 0.001) in CK‐MB levels and lipid profile, including cholesterol, triglycerides, and low‐density lipids, and an increase in high‐density lipids after the administration of both extracts. Ajwa treatment normalized the cardiac tissue structure by reducing fibrosis and hemorrhagic zones and bettering fiber muscle organization. Notably, the higher doses of G5 and G6 (2 g/kg/BW) for both ADSE and ADWE provided superior myocardial protection and morphological preservation compared to the 1 g/kg/BW dose. Computation confirmation revealed that the detected bioactive compounds of extracts exhibited inhibitory potential against angiotensin receptor 1 and cyclooxygenase 2, which causes the cardiotoxicity. Especially, the rutin showed maximum inhibitory potential with binding energies of −9.2 and −9.8 kcal/mol against angiotensin receptor 1 and cyclooxygenase 2, respectively. It is concluded that both ADSE and ADWE contained polyphenolic compounds that are involved in preventing the PCOS‐induced cardiotoxicity.