Introduction : Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction, contributing to impaired ovarian folliculogenesis and reproductive dysfunction. Meanwhile, magnesium plays a crucial role in improving insulin sensitivity, reducing oxidative stress, and supporting cellular functions. Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplementation, insulin therapy, and their combination on metabolic biomarkers, oxidative stress, and ovarian folliculogenesis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM rats. Methods : A total of 35 female Wistar rats were divided into five groups, namely P1 (control), P2 (diabetic untreated), P3 (diabetic + insulin 4 IU/200 g/day), P4 (diabetic + magnesium 300 mg/kg/day), and P5 (diabetic + insulin + magnesium). The treatments were administered for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, IGF-1, HER2/neu, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Ovarian follicle counts and histopathological evaluations were conducted to assess folliculogenesis. Results : Magnesium (P4) and combination therapy (P5) significantly improved serum insulin levels (P4: 3.36 ± 0.46 mIU/L; P5: 4.19 ± 0.29 mIU/L; control: 4.05 ± 0.37 mIU/L), reduced MDA concentrations (P4: 0.94 ± 0.16 nmol/mL; P5: 0.97 ± 0.14 nmol/mL; control: 0.94 ± 0.30 nmol/mL), and restored IGF-1 levels (P5: 54.51 ± 4.45 ng/mL; control: 55.20 ± 9.69 ng/mL). Histopathological analysis showed significant follicular restoration in P5, with counts of primary, secondary, and Graafian follicles approaching normal levels (P5: 18.57 ± 2.37; control: 22.14 ± 1.35). Conclusion : Magnesium supplementation, particularly in combination with insulin, reduced oxidative stress, restored metabolic biomarkers, and improved ovarian folliculogenesis in T1DM. This combination therapy offers a promising approach for managing diabetes-related reproductive dysfunction.
Noviyana et al. (Thu,) studied this question.