Recent advances in psychiatry: a systematic review of biopsychosocial approaches in the treatment of common mental disorders

Abstract Introduction: Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, remain leading causes of global disability. Over the past decades, a more integrated view of psychiatric treatment has been promoted. Objective: To analyze recent advances in psychiatry, with special emphasis on the biopsychosocial model applied to the treatment of CMDs. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO. Studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were included. Results: Significant advances were identified in second- and third-generation pharmacotherapy, third-wave psychotherapies (e.g., ACT and mindfulness), and the increasing use of digital tools in mental health care. Collaborative care models have proven effective in improving treatment adherence and clinical outcomes in primary care settings. Discussion: The findings highlight the relevance of adopting a biopsychosocial framework that transcends the traditional biomedical paradigm. Advances in pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches demonstrate the need for tailored interventions, while the integration of digital health tools and collaborative care underscores the importance of accessibility, continuity, and equity in treatment. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including disparities in resource distribution, cultural adaptability of interventions, and the risk of over-reliance on technology without sufficient human support. Future research should focus on refining integrative models that ensure scalability and sustainability across diverse health systems. Conclusions: Contemporary psychiatry is evolving toward interdisciplinary, patient-centered, evidence-based practice, integrating biological, psychological, and social components.