September 12, 2025

Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Academic Libraries in African Universities: A Scoping Review

Key Points

Actual implementation of artificial intelligence in academic libraries is limited despite increasing awareness.
Studies show a surge in AI adoption literature since 2022, with many publications focusing on barriers to implementation.
Using the PRISMA-ScR framework, this review analyzes 62 empirical studies addressing AI in African academic libraries.
The review highlights the need for context-sensitive strategies to tackle barriers and promote sustainable AI integration.

Abstract

Purpose The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in academic libraries is transforming information management globally. However, its implementation across African universities remains poorly understood. This scoping review explores empirical literature on AI adoption within academic libraries in Africa, with the aim of identifying publication trends, current practices, and the systemic and behavioral barriers that influence adoption. Design/methodology/approach Guided by the PRISMA-ScR framework, literature was systematically sourced from databases including Scopus, ERIC, Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, and African Journals Online (AJOL). A total of 62 empirical studies published between 2005 and 2024 were reviewed, with 73% appearing between 2022 and 2024 highlighting a recent surge in interest. Findings Findings reveal that while awareness of AI’s potential is growing, actual implementation remains limited. Most institutions are still in exploratory phases, with few practical applications such as chatbots, machine learning-based recommendation systems, and automated cataloging services in place mainly in South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya. Financial constraints, inadequate infrastructure, digital literacy gaps, cultural resistance, and the absence of clear policies and ethical frameworks were identified as critical barriers. Conversely, emerging opportunities include strategic planning, AI literacy initiatives, open-source technologies, and international partnerships. Originality/value This review provides a foundational understanding of the AI adoption landscape in African academic libraries. It underscores the need for context-sensitive strategies that address structural challenges while leveraging localized innovation. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, library professionals, and researchers seeking to guide sustainable and inclusive AI integration across the continent’s higher education libraries.

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