The social conditioning of probation in modern Russia.

The article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying the patterns and prerequisites of the current social and economic situation in the Russian Federation that have led to the development and implementation of probation in the domestic legal framework as a tool to assist in neutralizing factors of unlawful behavior during the post-criminal period of an individual's life who has previously been subjected to criminal responsibility. The relevance of scientific exploration in this direction is connected to the fact that by the time the relevant regulatory legal act on probation was adopted, a complex of problems had formed that pose a threat to the safety of the individual, society, and the state, with their resolution being, among other things, in the realm of effective assistance in the resocialization, social adaptation, and social rehabilitation of convicted persons following the application of state coercive measures as a response to the commission of socially dangerous acts. Alongside this, the research interest in the causal characteristics of the application of probation is determined by its temporal features, given that previously proposed projects for the institutionalization of this socio-legal phenomenon did not receive adequate support. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of cognition, as well as a set of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction), interdisciplinary (axiological, statistical) and special legal (formal legal, historical legal, method of interpretation of legal norms) methods. The conclusion of this scientific work consists of the author's findings that by the early 2020s, the introduction of probation tools into Russian legislation, considering the current socio-economic and geopolitical situation, can be characterized as a necessary response by the state to the problems of rampant recidivism, the criminalization of society; impediments to economic development due to insufficiently effective use of available labor resources; the need to attract additional revenues to the budget system of the Russian Federation; and optimization of federal budget expenditures in the context of colossal sanctions pressure from unfriendly states; and other factors derived from these impacts on the state of national security. The obtained results contribute to the expansion of scientific understanding of the complex social and economic factors for the introduction of probation norms into domestic legislation at the current stage of state and legal development, as well as their alignment with objective social needs.