Model of Chinese Companies’ Internationalization: Conceptual Features and Determinants of Development

The article proves that in modern conditions, when traditional models of international economic interaction come into conflict with new patterns of behavior of economic actors of East Asian development models, China acts as a systemic architect of its own model of integration into the world economic space, including at the micro level of economic interactions. The results of a comparative analysis of the Chinese approach to the formation of principles of integration of state policy and business strategies have been presented - in comparison with traditional models of international business: J. Dunning's OLI paradigm, the Uppsala model and the Born global concept. The specifics of the Chinese model of business activity beyond the national market have been described. It has been proved that institutional support, financial incentives and diplomatic channels are decisive in the expansion of Chinese foreign direct investment. The formation of the concept of “state-led internationalization” in the scientific literature which combines the economic interests of companies with the geopolitical and strategic goals of the state, an example of the implementation of which is the internationalization of Chinese business, has been emphasized. It has been proven that the Chinese model of internationalization is a hybrid and state-oriented construction, which combines business motives and strategic goals of the state. The results of a historical analysis of the change in priorities of Chinese companies in different regions of the world and the ways of combining traditional and new strategies for entering foreign markets have been presented in the article. The analysis of the cases of Geely, Huawei and BYD companies has been carried out to compare the ways of combining internationalization tools and their adaptation within the framework of the state-oriented model of global expansion. It has been proven that the Chinese model of internationalization is multi-vector and flexible, which is not limited to one way of entering foreign markets, but uses different strategies depending on the industry and goals: M&A with an emphasis on brand upgrade, globalization through R&D and partner networks, vertical integration and rapid scaling in green sectors of the economy. It has been concluded that the unique nature of the internationalization of Chinese companies, which differs from Western models in both scale and mechanisms and combines market incentives with state priorities, focusing not only on profitability, but also on achieving broader geo-economic goals. This creates a hybrid model where the economic, political and technological are intertwined into a single strategy of global expansion.