Secondary Vortex Induced by Gigahertz Acoustic Streaming and its Applications for 3D Particles Manipulations

Key Points

• Higher precision in particle manipulation is achieved through secondary vortex effects.
• Secondary vortex arising from gigahertz acoustic streaming improves micro/nanoparticle alignment.
• Traditional Eckart streaming showed limitations, while Rayleigh streaming is constrained to near distances.
• This research enhances the understanding of acoustic streaming for diverse applications in material science.