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September 17, 2025Open Access

Secure Energy Efficiency Maximization for IRS-Assisted UAV Communication: Joint Beamforming Design and Trajectory Optimization

Key Points

Enhanced energy efficiency was achieved by optimizing UAV beamforming and IRS phase shifts, revealing significant improvement.
For UAV beamforming design, a closed-form solution simplifies the optimization process effectively.
The IRS phase shift optimization utilized Riemannian manifold-based algorithms, demonstrating robust performance in non-convex settings.
Simulation results indicate the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional methods, suggesting practical application in high-occlusion areas.

Abstract

This paper addresses secure transmission in a high-occlusion urban environment, where an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system serves a legitimate user while countering an eavesdropper. The UAV signal is reflected to the base station through the IRS. We study the secure energy efficiency optimization problem. The tightly coupled optimization variables make the problem difficult to solve directly. Therefore, we decompose the original problem into three sub-problems. For the UAV active beamforming design, the closed-form solution can be obtained directly. For the IRS phase shift optimization, we propose an optimization algorithm based on Riemannian manifolds to obtain the optimal solution. Due to the non-convex fractional UAV trajectory optimization, it can be solved by successive convex approximation (SCA) and the Dinkelbach algorithm. Different comparison schemes are designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has improved advantages compared with other schemes.

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