Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Measures in the Agriculture Sector in Togo: A Review

Climate change is posing significant challenges in the world and is severely impacting economies, food security, and livelihoods of vulnerable countries, including Togo. Our work aimed to review climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in Togo's agricultural sector. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach was used to retain Twenty-seven articles in this review. Results showed that climate risks that are severely impacting negatively the agriculture sector in Togo are droughts, floods, coastal erosion, and strong winds. At the strategic level, the climate change adaptation and mitigation measures have been taken into consideration in the National Adaptation Plans, and Nationally Determined Contribution. At operational level, adaptation measures in farming systems include, crop diversification, changing planting dates, adopting short-cycle varieties, access to credit, extension services, education, and off-farm job opportunities; While mitigation measures were, soil fertility management techniques, organic fertilizer application, crop rotation, intercropping, and cover cropping which at the same time can optimize carbon sequestration efficiency and improve soil health. Fishermen adapt through economic diversification, changing fishing grounds, and adjusting fishing times. Even though little research is conducted on climate change mitigation technologies, some mitigation measures have been reported in the coastal region of Togo, including mangrove restoration, building green infrastructures using appropriate tree species planting along the coastal region. In the livestock sector, methane mitigation includes improved feed quality, dietary lipids, concentrate feeds for ruminants, and animal excrements management. However, few studies have been carried out on adaptation and mitigation technologies in livestock systems. The level of adoption of climate-smart agriculture is still low, given the low level of mobilization of climate-related financial resources at the national level. Togo still needs to make enormous efforts to provide better support to small-scale producers to ensure wider adoption of climate-smart technologies in the agricultural sector in Togo.