The implementation of the smart port concept through the phased introduction of various interconnected systems is an important element in the development of autonomous navigation. One such component may be a system for providing autonomous piloting and mooring of vessels in a seaport, whose tasks include remote control of automated tugboats for cargo vessel piloting as well as monitoring the autonomous operation of the tugboats. However, the operation of such systems is not permissible without the supervision of properly trained personnel. Such personnel must ensure and monitor the safety of piloting and escorting operations for sea and river vessels, monitor, control and manage automatic tugboats in various operating modes, perform their technical maintenance and repair, as well as maintenance of other equipment for autonomous piloting and mooring, fulfil the operational procedures of the remote-control center, and communicate with other services. The authors conclude that it is necessary to develop, systematize and subsequently establish regulatory and legal requirements for the process and outcome of professional training of the external tug master, automated tug operator, remote control center administrator, remote control system engineer, pilot, service engineer at the base/terminal of automatic tugs, and service system engineer supporting the maintenance facility for automatic tugboats. The results obtained in this work can serve as a basis for further research, as well as for setting requirements for the professional training, qualifications, and experience of personnel for autonomous vessel piloting and mooring systems.
Golovina et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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