Intergroup Contact Theory: Theoretical Evolution and Application in the Chinese Context

Intergroup Contact Theory (IGCT) has evolved as a foundational framework in social psychology for understanding and improving interactions between diverse groups. This study traces the theoretical development of IGCT, from its early origins in addressing intergroup tensions in post-WWII societies to its formalization by Gordon Allport, who emphasized the “optimal conditions” for positive contact (equal status, common goals, cooperation, and institutional support). Subsequent advancements expanded the theory’s scope, including extensions to indirect contact (e.g., imagined or extended contact) and refined mechanisms (cognitive, affective, and behavioral pathways). The paper also examines the adaptation and application of IGCT in the Chinese context, where scholars have progressively integrated the theory with local realities, particularly in educational settings. Early introductions focused on theoretical translation, while recent studies explore its relevance in culturally diverse classrooms, campus environments, and community interactions, highlighting the role of institutional support and contextualized practices in fostering constructive intergroup relations. This analysis underscores IGCT’s adaptability across cultural contexts and its utility for promoting inclusive interactions, offering insights for researchers and practitioners working in diverse societies.