Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop hypotheses regarding factors that influence employee turnover, with a particular focus on the land transportation sector in Indonesia. The land transportation industry is characterized by high employee mobility and operational demands, making turnover a critical issue that directly affects service quality, safety, and organizational sustainability. Understanding the underlying factors is therefore essential for designing effective human resource policies and reducing workforce instability. Methodology: This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review. Descriptive qualitative studies aim to systematically synthesize and interpret findings from previous research without relying on statistical data analysis (Creswell career path itself strongly influences turnover; and work engagement and remuneration indirectly affect turnover through career path. Conclusions: Employee turnover depends on engagement, leadership, and career opportunities; strengthening these reduces turnover and enhances workforce stability in transportation. Limitations: Future research should include transportation data to strengthen findings. Contribution: This study enhances understanding of employee turnover by examining work engagement, remuneration, leadership, and career path.
Marlita et al. (Tue,) studied this question.