This review explores kinetic energy harvesting via adaptive suspension resonance in vehicles, focusing on the conversion of vibrational energy into usable electrical power. It addresses the inefficiencies in traditional suspension systems and examines various energy harvesting mechanisms including electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and hydraulic transduction methods. The paper highlights the importance of adaptive resonance tuning to match varying road-induced vibration frequencies and discusses control strategies such as classical, modern, and intelligent systems. Challenges in practical implementation, such as mechanical complexity, retrofitting issues, and trade-offs between comfort and energy recovery, are also analysed. A comprehensive review of recent prototypes and their performance metrics is presented, emphasizing the potential of these technologies to contribute to vehicle electrification, fuel efficiency, and intelligent system integration. This review also highlights the comparative advantages and trade-offs among transduction methods across various suspension types. By addressing both theoretical principles and real-world limitations, it bridges the gap between concept and application. Emerging trends in hybrid systems and Al-based control strategies are discussed to guide future research directions.
Gandhar S. Purandare (Tue,) studied this question.