Lean six sigma and operational performance: the role of green manufacturing in the Jordanian pharmaceutical manufacturing companies

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of lean six sigma (LSS) on operational performance in the Jordanian pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, with a particular focus on the mediating role of green manufacturing (GM). Design/methodology/approach A total of 280 questionnaires were distributed to top and middle managers as well as technicians across several Jordanian pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. The data collected was analyzed using path model analysis with Smart-PLS 3.0 software to examine the relationships between LSS, GM and operational performance. Findings The results indicate that LSS has a significant positive effect on operational performance, enhancing key dimensions such as flexibility, quality and cost. Additionally, this study reveals a significant positive relationship between GM practices and operational performance improvement. This research also identifies that GM mediates the relationship between LSS and operational performance, suggesting that the integration of green manufacturing practices amplifies the benefits of LSS in improving overall performance. These findings highlight that the adoption of LSS and GM not only contributes to waste reduction and cost efficiency but also enhances product quality, leading to significant improvements in operational performance. Practical implications The findings offer valuable insights for practitioners, particularly those in the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector, on how integrating GM practices can strengthen the impact of LSS on key operational performance metrics such as flexibility, quality and cost. By adopting LSS alongside GM, organizations can better balance environmental sustainability with performance improvement, ultimately achieving greater operational efficiency and competitiveness. Originality/value This study is pioneering in its examination of the Jordanian pharmaceutical manufacturing industry’s implementation of LSS and its subsequent impact on operational performance while also introducing the role of GM as a mediator in this relationship. This research provides new insights into how LSS and GM together drive operational excellence within the sector.