The curriculum is based on findings from analyses, assessments, forecasts, and a variety of dynamic internal and external problems. The many policies for altering the curriculum are based on analysis, assessment, forecasts, and a variety of issues that are encountered on an ongoing basis on the internal and external fronts. Curriculum, as a policy product, is relative, dynamic, and contextual in this setting. Merdeka Learning is a new policy program of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemendikbud RI), launched by Minister of Education and Culture Nadiem Anwar Makarim. The 2013 curriculum is designed with characteristics that can develop a balance between spiritual and social attitudes, knowledge and skills, and apply it in various situations in schools and communities. This study employs a particular kind of literature study research methodology. The study's findings demonstrate that the 2013 curriculum is grounded in the sociological, psychopedagogical, and philosophical underpinnings of the Indonesian nation. These theoretical underpinnings can be summed up in the curriculum's stated objectives, which are to prepare Indonesians to be obedient, productive, creative, innovative, and affective individuals and citizens. and capable of making a positive impact on society, the state, the nation, and global culture. In the meanwhile, the following is a description of the MBKM policy-independent curriculum: The method of learning activities both inside and outside of the campus is given more weight in the newest curriculum in Indonesia, MBKM. The development of eight learning activities—the cornerstone of curriculum changes that include student exchanges, apprenticeships/work practices, research/research, teaching assistance in education units, humanitarian projects, entrepreneurial endeavors, independent studies/projects, and building villages/thematic real work colleges—makes this evident
Yuniarti et al. (Tue,) studied this question.